According to Paul Strassman "...what passes for knowledge management applications invariably calls for overlaying short-lived technologies on top of the existing software junkyard. That is unlikely to produce lasting value. Before you are swayed by the vendors and the hawkers, keep your sense of balance about such investments; don't be easily swayed. Insist that any "knowledge management" system produce verifiable gains in your company's earning capacity. That's the only way to distinguish between a passing utopia and the capacity to deliver increased economic value." (1999-11-01)